[Oct 26, 2024] Free Fortinet Certification NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Question
NSE7_NST-7.2 dumps & Fortinet Certification sure practice dumps
Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 14
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
- B. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- C. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
- D. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 15
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. DPD is disabled.
- B. The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- C. The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- D. Anti-replay is enabled.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
* Remote Gateway IP:
* The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
* Quick Mode Selectors:
* The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
* DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
* DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
* Anti-replay:
* The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
NEW QUESTION # 16
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info ospf neighbor.
What can you conclude from the command output?
- A. The local FortiGate is the BDR.
- B. The local FortiGate Is not a DROther.
- C. The network type connectingthe local Fortigate and OSPF neighbor 0.0.0.10 is point-to-point.
- D. All neighbors are in area 0.0.0.0.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Understanding OSPF Roles:
* In OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), routers can have different roles: Designated Router (DR), Backup Designated Router (BDR), and DROther. These roles help manage and optimize the OSPF network traffic.
* DR and BDR are elected to minimize the number of adjacencies and reduce the amount of routing information exchange.
* DROther routers are neither DR nor BDR but can still participate in the OSPF network by maintaining adjacencies with DR and BDR.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows the OSPF neighbor states for the local FortiGate.
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.1 is in the state Full/DR (Designated Router).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.3 is in the state Full/DROther (DROther).
* Neighbor ID 0.0.0.10 has no specific designation, implying it is neither DR nor BDR.
* Conclusion:
* Since the local FortiGate shows neighbors in Full/DR and Full/DROther states and itself does not have a state of DROther, it can be concluded that the local FortiGate is not a DROther.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding OSPF roles and states(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(cyruslab).
* Fortinet Documentation: OSPF neighbor states and elections(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 17
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session table entry.
Which statement about FortiGate behavior relating to this session is true?
- A. FortiGate applied only IPS inspection to this session.
- B. FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
- C. FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
- D. FortiGate redirected the client to the captive portal to authenticate, so that a correct policy match could be made.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
* The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
* Thenpd_state=00000000suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
* The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
NEW QUESTION # 18 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a diagnose command.
What can you conclude from the RTT value?
- A. Its value is incremented with each packet lost.
- B. lts initial value is statically set to 10.
- C. It determines which FortiGuard server is used for license validation.
- D. Its value represents the time it takes to receive a response after a rating request is sent to a particular server.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* RTT (Round Trip Time):
* RTT in the context of the FortiGuard server list indicates the time it takes for a request to be sent to a FortiGuard server and for a response to be received.
* This metric helps determine the latency between the FortiGate device and the FortiGuard servers, which is crucial for ensuring efficient and quick updates and responses for services like web
* filtering and antivirus updates.
* Server Selection:
* The FortiGate device uses RTT values to prioritize servers. Servers with lower RTT values are preferred as they respond faster, ensuring minimal delay in processing requests.
* This improves the overall performance of FortiGuard services by reducing the time it takes to communicate with the servers.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FortiGuard server connections and RTT values(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: FortiGuard server settings and RTT explanation(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which statement about IKE and IKE NAT-T is true?
- A. They each use their own IP protocol number.
- B. IKE is used to encapsulate ESP traffic in some situations, and IKE NAT-T is used only when the local FortiGate is using NAT on the IPsec interface.
- C. They both use UDP as their transport protocol and the port number is configurable.
- D. IKE is the standard implementation for IKEv1and IKE NAT-T is an extension added in IKEv2.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* IKE (Internet Key Exchange):IKE is a protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite. It is utilized to negotiate, create, and manage SAs.
* NAT-T (Network Address Translation-Traversal):NAT-T is used to enable IPsec VPN traffic to pass through NAT devices. It encapsulates IPsec ESP packets into UDP packets.
* Transport Protocol:Both IKE and IKE NAT-T use UDP as their transport protocol.
* Port Numbers:By default, IKE uses UDP port 500. NAT-T typically uses UDP port 4500. However, these port numbers can be configured as needed.
References:
* Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2(Fortinet Docs)(ebin.pub).
* Fortinet Documentation on IPsec VPN Configuration(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 20 
If the default settings are in place, what can you conclude about the conserve mode shown in the exhibit?
- A. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection but is not performing inspection on those sessions.
- B. FortiGate is currently allowing new sessions that require flow-based content inspection and blocking sessions that require proxy-based content inspection.
- C. FortiGate is currently blocking new sessions that require flow-based or proxy-based content inspection.
- D. FortiGate is currently blocking all new sessions regardless of the content inspection requirements or configuration settings because of high memory use.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Conserve Mode Overview:Conserve mode is a state that FortiGate enters to protect itself from running out of memory. It is triggered when the memory usage reaches certain thresholds.
* Thresholds:The default settings for conserve mode thresholds are:
* Red Threshold:88% memory usage.
* Extreme Threshold:95% memory usage.
* Green Threshold:82% memory usage.
* Impact on Sessions:When in conserve mode:
* New sessions requiring flow-based content inspection are blocked.
* New sessions requiring proxy-based content inspection are also blocked to free up memory resources.
* Current Memory State in Exhibit:The exhibit shows:
* Total RAM: 3040 MB.
* Memory used: 2706 MB (89% of total RAM).
* Memory usage exceeds the red threshold (88%), thus triggering conserve mode.
Given that the memory usage is above the red threshold and conserve mode is active, the FortiGate will block new sessions requiring both flow-based and proxy-based content inspection to conserve memory.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of Conserve Mode and Its Impact(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Conserve Mode Settings and Management(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which two statements about application-layer test commands ate true? (Choose two.)
- A. Some of them display real-time application debugs.
- B. Some of them display only output, after you run the diagnose debug console enable command.
- C. Some of them display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process.
- D. Some of them can be used to restart an application.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
* Statistics and Configuration Information:
* Application-layer test commands can display detailed statistics and configuration information about specific features or processes. For example, commands likediagnose vpn ipsec tunnel list provide detailed statistics about VPN tunnels.
* Real-time Debugs:
* These commands also facilitate real-time debugging of applications and processes. For instance, usingdiagnose debug applicationfollowed by the specific application, such asfssod, provides real-time debug information which is crucial for troubleshooting.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Useful FSSO Commands and Troubleshooting(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Application-layer Test Commands(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 22
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
- B. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
- C. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
- D. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- E. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
Answer: B,C,E
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which statement is correct regarding LDAP authentication using the regular bind type?
- A. The regular bind typerequires a FortiGate super_adminaccount.
- B. The regular bind type goes through four steps to successfully authenticate a user.
- C. The regular bind type cannot be used if users are authenticated using sAMAccountName.
- D. The regular bind type is the easiest bind type to configure on FortiOS.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.
* Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.
* Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.
* Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.
* Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.
* Explanation of answer:
* The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.
* The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 24
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FortiOS is able to locate the user in step 3 (Bind Request) of the LDAP authentication process.
- B. The name of the configured LDAP server is Lab.
- C. The user is authenticating using CN=John Smith.
- D. FortiOS is performing the second step (Search Request) in the LDAP authentication process.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* LDAP Authentication Process:
* LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.
* The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.
* The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.
* Analyzing the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.
* The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.
* The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the userjsmith.
* Conclusion:
* Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the userjsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting(Fortinet Docs).
* Fortinet Documentation: LDAP integration and debugging in FortiOS(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 25 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
- B. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.
- C. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
- D. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
* Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.
* DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.
References:
* Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 26
Consider the scenario where the server name indication (SNI) does not match either the common name (CN) or any of the subject alternative names (SAN) in the server certificate. Which action will FortiGate take when using the default settingsfor SSL certificate inspection?
- A. FortiGate uses the first entry listed in the SAN field in the server certificate.
- B. FortiGate uses the 31 information from the Subject field in the server certificate.
- C. FortiGate uses the SNI from the user's web browser.
- D. FortiGate closes the connection because this represents an invalid SSL/TLS configuration
Answer: D
Explanation:
* SNI and Certificate Mismatch:When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.
* Default Action:FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.
References:
* Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 27
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
Which statement is true?
- A. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space
- B. The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- C. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
- D. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
- B. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
- C. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
- D. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 29
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A. The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
- B. Authentication was unsuccessful.
- C. Two-factor authentication was required.
- D. Authentication was successful
- E. The authentication scheme used was pop3.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
* RADIUS Server IP Address:
* The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164.
This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
* Authentication Result:
* The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
* Authentication Scheme:
* The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
* Two-factor Authentication:
* There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
NEW QUESTION # 30
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