(PDF) Kubernetes Application Developer CKAD Exam and Certification Test Engine
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The CKAD certification exam is a performance-based exam that tests the practical skills of candidates in developing and deploying applications on Kubernetes clusters. CKAD exam consists of a set of performance-based tasks that simulate real-world scenarios. The tasks include deploying and configuring applications, creating and managing Kubernetes objects, and troubleshooting common issues. CKAD exam is proctored, and candidates are given a time limit of two hours to complete all the tasks.
NEW QUESTION # 15 
Task
A deployment is falling on the cluster due to an incorrect image being specified. Locate the deployment, and fix the problem.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below
Explanation
create deploy hello-deploy --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > hello-deploy.yaml Update deployment image to nginx:1.17.4: kubectl set image deploy/hello-deploy nginx=nginx:1.17.4
NEW QUESTION # 16
Refer to Exhibit.
Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Context
A pod is running on the cluster but it is not responding.
Task
The desired behavior is to have Kubemetes restart the pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint. The service, probe-pod, should never send traffic to the pod while it is failing. Please complete the following:
* The application has an endpoint, /started, that will indicate if it can accept traffic by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the application has not yet finished initialization.
* The application has another endpoint /healthz that will indicate if the application is still working as expected by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500 the application is no longer responsive.
* Configure the probe-pod pod provided to use these endpoints
* The probes should use port 8080
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
To have Kubernetes automatically restart a pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint, you will need to configure liveness and readiness probes on the pod.
First, you will need to create a livenessProbe and a readinessProbe in the pod's definition yaml file. The livenessProbe will check the /healthz endpoint, and if it returns an HTTP 500, the pod will be restarted. The readinessProbe will check the /started endpoint, and if it returns an HTTP 500, the pod will not receive traffic.
Here's an example of how you can configure the liveness and readiness probes in the pod definition yaml file:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: probe-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: probe-pod
image: <image-name>
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
failureThreshold: 3
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /started
port: 8080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 10
failureThreshold: 3
The httpGet specifies the endpoint to check and the port to use. The initialDelaySeconds is the amount of time the pod will wait before starting the probe. periodSeconds is the amount of time between each probe check, and the failureThreshold is the number of failed probes before the pod is considered unresponsive.
You can use kubectl to create the pod by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
Once the pod is created, Kubernetes will start monitoring it using the configured liveness and readiness probes. If the /healthz endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the pod will be restarted. If the /started endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the pod will not receive traffic.
Please note that if the failure threshold is set to 3, it means that if the probe fails 3 times consecutively it will be considered as a failure.
The above configuration assumes that the application is running on port 8080 and the endpoints are available on the same port.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Exhibit:
Context
Developers occasionally need to submit pods that run periodically.
Task
Follow the steps below to create a pod that will start at a predetermined time and]which runs to completion only once each time it is started:
* Create a YAML formatted Kubernetes manifest /opt/KDPD00301/periodic.yaml that runs the following shell command: date in a single busybox container. The command should run every minute and must complete within 22 seconds or be terminated oy Kubernetes. The Cronjob namp and container name should both be hello
* Create the resource in the above manifest and verify that the job executes successfully at least once
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 18
Refer to Exhibit.
Task:
1) First update the Deployment cka00017-deployment in the ckad00017 namespace:
*To run 2 replicas of the pod
*Add the following label on the pod:
Role userUI
2) Next, Create a NodePort Service named cherry in the ckad00017 nmespace exposing the ckad00017-deployment Deployment on TCP port 8888
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 19
Context
Context
A pod is running on the cluster but it is not responding.
Task
The desired behavior is to have Kubemetes restart the pod when an endpoint returns an HTTP 500 on the /healthz endpoint. The service, probe-pod, should never send traffic to the pod while it is failing. Please complete the following:
* The application has an endpoint, /started, that will indicate if it can accept traffic by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500, the application has not yet finished initialization.
* The application has another endpoint /healthz that will indicate if the application is still working as expected by returning an HTTP 200. If the endpoint returns an HTTP 500 the application is no longer responsive.
* Configure the probe-pod pod provided to use these endpoints
* The probes should use port 8080
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
test: liveness
name: liveness-exec
spec:
containers:
- name: liveness
image: k8s.gcr.io/busybox
args:
- /bin/sh
- -c
- touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 600
livenessProbe:
exec:
command:
- cat
- /tmp/healthy
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 5
In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a single Container. The periodSeconds field specifies that the kubelet should perform a liveness probe every 5 seconds. The initialDelaySeconds field tells the kubelet that it should wait 5 seconds before performing the first probe. To perform a probe, the kubelet executes the command cat /tmp/healthy in the target container. If the command succeeds, it returns 0, and the kubelet considers the container to be alive and healthy. If the command returns a non-zero value, the kubelet kills the container and restarts it.
When the container starts, it executes this command:
/bin/sh -c "touch /tmp/healthy; sleep 30; rm -rf /tmp/healthy; sleep 600" For the first 30 seconds of the container's life, there is a /tmp/healthy file. So during the first 30 seconds, the command cat /tmp/healthy returns a success code. After 30 seconds, cat /tmp/healthy returns a failure code.
Create the Pod:
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/probe/exec-liveness.yaml
Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "k8s.gcr.io/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open '/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 1m
NEW QUESTION # 20
Exhibit:
Task
You have rolled out a new pod to your infrastructure and now you need to allow it to communicate with the web and storage pods but nothing else. Given the running pod kdsn00201 -newpod edit it to use a network policy that will allow it to send and receive traffic only to and from the web and storage pods.
- A. Pending
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 21 
Task:
Update the Deployment app-1 in the frontend namespace to use the existing ServiceAccount app.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
Text Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to Exhibit.
Context
Developers occasionally need to submit pods that run periodically.
Task
Follow the steps below to create a pod that will start at a predetermined time and]which runs to completion only once each time it is started:
* Create a YAML formatted Kubernetes manifest /opt/KDPD00301/periodic.yaml that runs the following shell command: date in a single busybox container. The command should run every minute and must complete within 22 seconds or be terminated oy Kubernetes. The Cronjob namp and container name should both be hello
* Create the resource in the above manifest and verify that the job executes successfully at least once
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 23
Exhibit:
Task
Create a new deployment for running.nginx with the following parameters;
* Run the deployment in the kdpd00201 namespace. The namespace has already been created
* Name the deployment frontend and configure with 4 replicas
* Configure the pod with a container image of lfccncf/nginx:1.13.7
* Set an environment variable of NGINX__PORT=8080 and also expose that port for the container above
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 24
Context
Context
It is always useful to look at the resources your applications are consuming in a cluster.
Task
* From the pods running in namespace cpu-stress , write the name only of the pod that is consuming the most CPU to file /opt/KDOBG030l/pod.txt, which has already been created.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 25 
Task
You have rolled out a new pod to your infrastructure and now you need to allow it to communicate with the web and storage pods but nothing else. Given the running pod kdsn00201 -newpod edit it to use a network policy that will allow it to send and receive traffic only to and from the web and storage pods.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: internal-policy
namespace: default
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
name: internal
policyTypes:
- Egress
- Ingress
ingress:
- {}
egress:
- to:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
name: mysql
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 3306
- to:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
name: payroll
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 8080
- ports:
- port: 53
protocol: UDP
- port: 53
protocol: TCP
NEW QUESTION # 26
Exhibit:
Context
A project that you are working on has a requirement for persistent data to be available.
Task
To facilitate this, perform the following tasks:
* Create a file on node sk8s-node-0 at /opt/KDSP00101/data/index.html with the content Acct=Finance
* Create a PersistentVolume named task-pv-volume using hostPath and allocate 1Gi to it, specifying that the volume is at /opt/KDSP00101/data on the cluster's node. The configuration should specify the access mode of ReadWriteOnce . It should define the StorageClass name exam for the PersistentVolume , which will be used to bind PersistentVolumeClaim requests to this PersistenetVolume.
* Create a PefsissentVolumeClaim named task-pv-claim that requests a volume of at least 100Mi and specifies an access mode of ReadWriteOnce
* Create a pod that uses the PersistentVolmeClaim as a volume with a label app: my-storage-app mounting the resulting volume to a mountPath /usr/share/nginx/html inside the pod
- A. Solution:
- B. Solution:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 27
Context
Task:
1- Update the Propertunel scaling configuration of the Deployment web1 in the ckad00015 namespace setting maxSurge to 2 and maxUnavailable to 59
2- Update the web1 Deployment to use version tag 1.13.7 for the Ifconf/nginx container image.
3- Perform a rollback of the web1 Deployment to its previous version
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 28
Refer to Exhibit.
Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Task
You have rolled out a new pod to your infrastructure and now you need to allow it to communicate with the web and storage pods but nothing else. Given the running pod kdsn00201 -newpod edit it to use a network policy that will allow it to send and receive traffic only to and from the web and storage pods.
Answer:
Explanation:
To allow a pod to send and receive traffic only to and from specific pods, you can use network policies in Kubernetes.
First, you will need to create a network policy that defines the allowed traffic. You can create a network policy yaml file with the following rules:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: newpod-network-policy
namespace: default
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: kdsn00201-newpod
ingress:
- from:
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: web
- podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: storage
This policy will only allow incoming traffic to the pod with the label app=kdsn00201-newpod from pods with the label app=web or app=storage. If you have different labels on your web and storage pods please update the matchLabels accordingly.
Once you have created the network policy, you can apply it to the cluster by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f <network-policy-file>.yaml
This will apply the network policy to the cluster, and the newpod will only be able to send and receive traffic to and from the web and storage pods.
Please note that, NetworkPolicy resource is not available by default, you need to enable the NetworkPolicy feature on your Kubernetes cluster. This feature is enabled by default on some clusters and must be explicitly enabled on others. You can check if NetworkPolicy is available by running the command kubectl api-versions | grep networking Also, you need to ensure that the pods that you want to allow traffic to and from are running on the same namespace.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Context
Context
A user has reported an aopticauon is unteachable due to a failing livenessProbe .
Task
Perform the following tasks:
* Find the broken pod and store its name and namespace to /opt/KDOB00401/broken.txt in the format:
The output file has already been created
* Store the associated error events to a file /opt/KDOB00401/error.txt, The output file has already been created. You will need to use the -o wide output specifier with your command
* Fix the issue.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
Create the Pod:
kubectl create -f http://k8s.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/exec-liveness.yaml Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image "gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image "gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id 86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id 86849c15382e
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open '/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the Container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 m
NEW QUESTION # 30
Refer to Exhibit.
Context
Your application's namespace requires a specific service account to be used.
Task
Update the app-a deployment in the production namespace to run as the restrictedservice service account. The service account has already been created.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 31
Context
Context
Your application's namespace requires a specific service account to be used.
Task
Update the app-a deployment in the production namespace to run as the restrictedservice service account. The service account has already been created.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 32 
Task:
A Dockerfile has been prepared at -/human-stork/build/Dockerfile
1) Using the prepared Dockerfile, build a container image with the name macque and lag 3.0. You may install and use the tool of your choice.
2) Using the tool of your choice export the built container image in OC-format and store it at -/human stork/macque 3.0 tar See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 33
Context
Context
A project that you are working on has a requirement for persistent data to be available.
Task
To facilitate this, perform the following tasks:
* Create a file on node sk8s-node-0 at /opt/KDSP00101/data/index.html with the content Acct=Finance
* Create a PersistentVolume named task-pv-volume using hostPath and allocate 1Gi to it, specifying that the volume is at /opt/KDSP00101/data on the cluster's node. The configuration should specify the access mode of ReadWriteOnce . It should define the StorageClass name exam for the PersistentVolume , which will be used to bind PersistentVolumeClaim requests to this PersistenetVolume.
* Create a PefsissentVolumeClaim named task-pv-claim that requests a volume of at least 100Mi and specifies an access mode of ReadWriteOnce
* Create a pod that uses the PersistentVolmeClaim as a volume with a label app: my-storage-app mounting the resulting volume to a mountPath /usr/share/nginx/html inside the pod
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 34
Context
Context
You are asked to prepare a Canary deployment for testing a new application release.
Task:
A Service named krill-Service in the goshark namespace points to 5 pod created by the Deployment named current-krill-deployment
1) Create an identical Deployment named canary-kill-deployment, in the same namespace.
2) Modify the Deployment so that:
-A maximum number of 10 pods run in the goshawk namespace.
-40% of the krill-service 's traffic goes to the canary-krill-deployment pod(s)
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 35
Context
Context
You sometimes need to observe a pod's logs, and write those logs to a file for further analysis.
Task
Please complete the following;
* Deploy the counter pod to the cluster using the provided YAMLspec file at /opt/KDOB00201/counter.yaml
* Retrieve all currently available application logs from the running pod and store them in the file /opt/KDOB0020l/log_Output.txt, which has already been created
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 36
Task:
1) Fix any API depreciation issues in the manifest file -/credible-mite/www.yaml so that this application can be deployed on cluster K8s.
2) Deploy the application specified in the updated manifest file -/credible-mite/www.yaml in namespace cobra See the solution below.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Solution:
Text Description automatically generated
Text Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 37
......
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